One of the critical issues with writing a system that interacts with users using SMS messages is the cost of the SMS messages. This cost needs to be accommodated in the business plan as it has a major ongoing cost. Since SMS messages are normally 160 bytes for a single message and 140 bytes for concatenated messages it is critical to ensure that you message fits into the fewest number of messages. You do not want your message to span 2 SMS messages because it is one byte too long.
SMS messages use a 7-bit alphabet and the majority of characters fit into one byte. There are as always exceptions such as the euro symbol or a square bracket. This alphabet is specified in the GSM 03.38 specification.
Have a look at http://www.dreamfabric.com/sms/default_alphabet.html to see the full alphabet.
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